THE CASE :--
A noun may be used in various
ways in a sentence :--
1. As subject of the verb (
Nominative Case )
2. As subject of the verb (
Objective Case )
3. As complement of the verb (
Complement )
4. Showing relation with another
noun (Possessive Case )
5. Explaining the position of a
noun used just before ( Case in apposition )
6. Governed by preposition (
Object to preposition )
1.
AS SUBJECT OF THE VERB :-----
A noun that
functions as subject of a verb is placed in Nominative Case ; as,
* Nirala wrote many poems in Hindi.
* The Taj Mahal is a famous building.
* My brother has gone abroad.
In the above
sentences,
" Nirala " is the subject of the verb ' wrote ' ;
" Taj Mahal " is the subject of the verb " is " ; and
" Brother " is the subject of the verb " has gone ".
Hence they are in Nominative Case.
who ? Nominative Case
what ? Nominative Case
which ? Nominative Case
what ? Nominative Case
which ? Nominative Case
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2. AS OBJECT OF THE VERB :-----
A noun that
functions as object of verb is placed in objective case ; as,
* I have finished my work.
* He helped Prema.
* You teach her Malayalam.
In the
above sentences 'work', 'Prema' and 'Malayalam' are objects to the verbs
'have
finished', 'helped' and 'teach' respectively.
whom ? Objective Case
what ? Objective Case
which ? Objective Case
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3. COMPLIMENT OF THE VERB
:-----
There are some
verbs of incomplete prediction which do not make a complete
sentence ; as,
is,am are,was, were, will be , shall be ,look, grow, seem, appear
etc. For this
purpose a complement is required. The complement is generally a
noun ( but it may
be a pronoun, an adjective or an adverb too ).
* He is a boy.
* It is a tree.
* These are toys.
In the
above sentences 'boys', 'tree' and 'toys' are complement of verbs 'is', 'is'
and
'are'
respectively.
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4. POSSESSIVE CASE:----
When a noun shows
its relation with or possession on another noun, it is in
Possessive Case ;
as,
* It is Nina's frock.
* Radha's pullover is too large for her.
* The railway station is far from boys' college.
In the above
sentences,
'Nina' has possession over 'frock',
'Radha' has possession over 'pullover',
'boys' are related with 'college'.
Hence, they are in
Possessive Case.
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5. CASE IN APPOSITION :---
A noun or noun
phrase that explains the position of the noun used before, is the
Case in Apposition
with that noun.
* Ram, the son of Dasharatha, was a prince.
* Rama Rao, the Ex- Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, has been a popular film
star.
In the first
sentence,
'the son of Dasharatha', explains the position of 'Ram'.
In the second
sentence,
'the Ex-Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh' explains the position of 'Rama Rao'.
They are case in
apposition with their respective antecedents.
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6. GOVERNED BY PREPOSITION :----
When a noun is linked with a preposition used before it,it is object to the Preposition or Governed by Preposition.
* He is in the room.
* The frog jumped into the well.
* The aeroplane was flying over the city.
In the above sentences,
'room' is linked with the preposition 'in',
'well' is linked with the preposition 'into' and
'city' is linked with the preposition 'over'.
They
are being governed by the prepositions. So they are Objects to Prepositions.
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