Friday, June 29, 2018

Quantifiers




QUANTIFIERS

 Definition :---

Quantifiers are words that precede and modify nouns. 

*They tell us how many or how much.
Selecting the correct quantifier depends on your understanding the distinction between Countable and Non-Countable Nouns. 


  Some & Any  

SOME ANY
Some is used in positive sentences.  Any is used for negative sentences 
EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
I have some peanuts for the monkeys.      I don't have any peanuts for them.
Do you want some medicine for you ?      Is there any medicine for me?
There is some tea in the pot.                          Is there any tea in the pot?

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Much & Much of

MUCH       MUCH   OF
Reserved  for questions and negative statements’
                                     
Used as a quantifier.  
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
How much snow fell yesterday?   Much of the snow has already melted.


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Most & Most of the
           
MOST MOST   OF   THE
Used with a general plural noun.(when you are  not reffering to a specific entity),the “of the” is dropped. It modifies a specific noun whether it ia a count or non count noun.
Most colleges have their own admissions policy. Most of the instructors at this college have a doctorate.
Most students apply to several colleges. Most of the water has evaporated.

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Many A/Many An  & Many

MANY  A / MANY AN MANY
An indefinite article is sometimes used in conjunction with the quantifier  many, thus joining a plural quantifier with a singular noun (which then takes a singular verb).


EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
*Many a young man has fallen in love with her golden hair. *Many boys are  playing.
*Many an apple has fallen by October. *Many students are attending the seminar.

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 Few & A Few
               

FEW      A   FEW
Few is regarded as negative.
When used, it implies scarcely any
is available, almost none
A   few is regarded as positive.
It describes a quantity that
is viewed in a positive way
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
I have few clothes
(= I have almost no clothes.)
I have a few clothes.
(= I still have some clothes.)

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   Little   & A  Little 
                                  
LITTLE     A    LITTLE
Little is regarded as negative.
When used, it implies scarcely any is available, almost none.
A little is regarded as positive.
It describes a quantity that is viewed in a positive way.
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:
I have got little money.
(= I have almost no money.)
I have got a little money.
(= I still have some money.)
   Note :--
 * Little and a little are used with uncountable nouns: little oil, a little oil.

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    Much  & Many

MUCH    MANY

Used with singular uncountable nouns Used with plural countable nouns.
examples examples
Don't put so much salt on your chips!            I saw many monkeys in the zoo.
We don't earn much working here.                He doesn't have many fish in his aquarium.
How much money do I owe you?                   How many books have you read this year?

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Wednesday, June 27, 2018

Conditionals - Third Conditionals



{D}Third Conditionals:


Nature: no possibility

These sentences show the condition of no possibility.

Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)

If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).

Note:

In the if-clause we use the past perfect (had + past participle). We don't use 'would' or 'would have' in the if-clause.

The main clause has would + have + past participle.

STRUCTURE:

if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

Some examples:
*If I had had time, I would have gone to the football match.
*If I had known you were coming, I would have waited for you.
*If she had not been ill, she would have gone to the cinema.
*If she had studied, she would have passed the exam
*If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick
*If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
*She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
*She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
*He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine

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Correct  Use:

Correct : If I had asked him, he would have helped me.

Incorrect : If I would have asked him, he would have helped me.

Reason: In the if-clause we use the past perfect (had + past participle). We don't use 'would' or 'would have' in the if-clause.

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Correct : If you had spoken to my mother, she would have told you where I was.

Incorrect : If you had spoken to my mother, she would tell you where I was.

Reason: The main clause has would + have + past participle.

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